SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF MONOPHOBIA ,CAUSES AND RISK FACTOR.

Monophobia is medical situation where by individual develops a fear of being alone. People who suffering from this condition are mostly feeling insecure and depressed when theythey left alone. Hence they struggling with routing activcity such as going to bathroom alone, sleeping, and develops feeling of hate for friends and family due to leaving them alone. CAUSES OF MONOPHOBIA. History of frightening experience during childhood. It might caused by consistent stress, bad relationship, poor ecoeconomic factor. Anxious parents or relative raising a child increase risk of develops. Sign and symptoms of Monophobia. Short of confidence and self belief to carry bout activities alone. Feel the need to have someone trustworthy aaround all thethe time toto feel secure. Unusual manner and panic easily. Shaking feeling. Extreme sweeting. Unusual heart beat rate/palpitation. Gastrointestinal distress, nausea. Fear of able to control yourself. Risk factor for Monophobia:- Age ,children are at risk to develop monophobia as compared toto adult. Your temperament ,people who lack right temperament to tackle didifficul situationn are at risk to develop monophobia. Traumatic event in the past for example Attacked by animal. Treatment:- People tend to help themselves by developing strategy to cope up with the difficult situations which facing them. Counseling should be done tt

SILENT KILLER DISEASES.

Silent Killer Diseases is any condition that may progress to advanced stages before manifesting itself clinically. Or the disease that has no obviously symptoms or indication.

 Silent killer Diseases are:-

1,  Hypertension (HTN).

2,  Diabetes.

3,  Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD).

4,  Fatty liver Diseases.

5,  Osteoporosis, is the Disease that make bone thin and brittle.

6,  Colon Cancer.

7,Non melanoma skin cancer.

8,  Chagas Disease  this is caused by parastic called trapanosoma cruzi.

9,  Hepatitis.

10. Cervical Cancer.

BENEFITS OF PROPER POSTURE

               
     

                      

Good posture is the position in which you keep your body upright against gravity while standing, sitting or lying down.

 Prevent back pain (backache) and muscle pain.

  Prevent  the spine from becoming fixed in abnormal position.

 Decrease the stress  on the ligament and joints.

  Help to reduce the abnormal wearing of joints surfaces.

  Keep bone and joints in the correct alignment so that to keep the muscles properly.

IMPORTANCE OF GOOD NUTRITION.

Nutrition is the sum of all process involved our bodies take in and use food.

 Good nutrition means your body gets all nutrients including vitamins , minerals, vegetables, sugar, honey, fats and oils. protein such as maize,rice,millet, wheat, sorghum.

 GOOD NUTRITION :-

 Strength immunity, Enhance growth and repair of damaged tissues.Hence reduce the risk of some diseases including heart disease, diabetes, some cancer and some bone disease.

 Improve ability of the body to recover from illness or injury. Improve intake and utilization of medication.

 Enhances activeness, ability to do productive work and income generation, hence increasing productivity.

 Enhances physical movement and functioning of organs.

 Improve reproduction.

 Good nutrition provides quality of life.

SYMPTOMS OF ZINC NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY IN THE BODY

Zinc : component of insulin (hormone that regulate carbohydrate metabolism) and many enzymes: Carbonic anhydrase (for transporting of carbon dioxide gas from red blood cells to the lungs.

 It plays a role in cell division, cell growth, wound healing and breaking down of carbohydrates,enhance folic acid absorption.

 SOURCES:-

 Present in the most foods of animal and plant origins. The richest sources tend to be protein rich foods like meat, seafood, eggs, yolk,cereal grains and legumes also contain zinc. Fruits, vegetables and eggs white are poor sources of zinc. NB: Milling of cereals reduces the zinc content.

 SYMPTOMS OF ZINC DEFICIENCY :-

 Impaired smell and taste.
 Loss of appetite.
 Poor growth.
 Impaired immunity.
 Infertility.
 Mental changes (apathy).
 Slow healing of wounds and Reduction in the number of red blood cells (anaemia). For more info call 0656102053

HOW TO PREVENT YOUR EYES FROM DAMAGE

Eye is an organ that gives sight in human and animal.
 Ways of Keeping your Eyes Healthy:-

 Quit Smoking because smoking acceralates optic nerve damage and degeneration.
 Eat well,good eyes health begin with your foods you eat. For example of foods are Vitamins 'A' like green leafy vegetables and other sources like beans,nuts, eggs and non meat protein. Fruits like oranges and other citrus fruits.
 Wear Sunglasses this to protect the eyes from direct sun's ultraviolet rays. Because too much UV predisposing the eyes great a chance to develop eyes problems.
 Use safety eyewear, These like goggles, safety glasses to protect any particles or hazardous from airborne to come contact with your eyes.
 Make sure that you wear glasses that is up to date as prescripted with your eye doctor. During watching oy should to be away from computer screen or looking away at phone screen for too long time because this can leading to blurry vision, eyestrain ,trouble focus at a distance , dry eyes.

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE AND ITS COMPLICATIONS

peptic Ulcer Disease is a disruption of the mucosal integrity of the stomach and/or duodenum leading to local defects due to active inflammation.

These can involve either Gastric ulcers or duodenum ulcers.

 CAUSES.

 H.pylori and Non steroids Antiinflammatory Drugs like aspirin account for the majority of Duodenum ulcers and gastric ulcers.
 Cigarette smoking.
 Genetic predisposition.
 Psychological Stress.
 Diet ,certain foods can cause ulcers for example beverages containing Alcohol and Caffeine.

 SIGN AND SYMPTOMS.

 Mid upper abdominal pain (Epigastric pain) present as burning or gnawing discomfort can occur in both Gastric Ulcers and Duodenum Ulcers.
 In Gastric Ulcers the pain is aggravated by taking in foods.
 In Duodenum ulcers pain is relieved by taking in food.
 Nausea and weight loss occur more in Gastric ulcers.
 Dyspepsia,this relieved by foods or antacids .
 Back pain indicating penetrating Ulcers.
 Suddenly onset of severe generalized abdominal pain may be indicate perforation.

 ITS COMPLICATIONS.

 Gastrointestinal Bleeding is most complication to occur.
 Perforation is second mostly in ulcer related complication .

COMPLICATION OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI)

Urinary tract infections is a infections of any part of the urinary system. These including kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.

 SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

 Burning sensation in urination.
 Urgent to urinate.
 Pain at pubic bone and lower back pain.
 Rarely pus discharge urine or bloody in urine.

 COMPLICATION OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.

 Urethral narrowing (Urethral strictures) in men from recurrent urethritis.

 Permanent kidney damage from acute form or Chronic kidney infections (Pyeneophritis).
 Sepsis.
 In pregnant can lead to lower birth weight,septic abortion ,delivery at preterm.

SUSPECTED CAUSES OF MULTIPLE PREGNANCY

Multiple pregnancies are common worldwide.
 Multiple pregnancies especially twins, Occur mostly in Africa and Asians than Caucasians and least in mongolian race.

 CAUSES OF MULTIPLE PREGNANCY

 Mostly causes of Multiple pregnancy is not known.

Some suspected causes are:-

Family tendency,

Multiple pregnancy is more common in women with familial history Of multiple pregnancy.

Age of women. More common in old pregnant women.

 High parity. More common in high parous women.

 Injudicious use of fertility drugs ,Such as clomiphene, during the treatment of infertility. 

Possible complications of multiple pregnancy


Increase severity of minor ailment of pregnancy.

Anaemia is common due increase demand of nutrients Like Iron and Folic acid.

Polyhydramnios.
Preterm labour.
Spontaneous abortion.
Antepartum bleeding, placenta praevia is common due to bigger placenta areas compared to Singleton pregnancies.
Congenital malformation are more commonly than singleton pregnancies. °Fusion of the babies (Siamese twins).

THE BEST SLEEPING POSITION DURING PREGNANT

The best position during pregnant is Sleeping on side.Even better is to sleep on your left side. Doctors encourage sleeping on left side during pregnant because:- Sleeping on left side will increase the amount of blood and nutrients that reach the placenta and your baby. This will be beneficial for both mom and baby. POSITIONS THOSE SHOULD BE AVOIDED DURING PREGNANT. sleeping on your back this will increase problems like backache, breathing, digestive system and decrease blood circulation to your heart and baby. Sleeping on your stomach because abdomen undergoes physical changes and make it more difficult for you to lay on your stomach.

MECHANISM OF ACTION OF MILK TO CORROSIVE POISON.

Corrosive is the substance that fixes, destroy and causes erosion of the surface coming in it's contact. Including strong acid and base. Note: not all poisons milk can be helpful for example snake bite milk is not helpful because the venoum goes direct to the blood circulation. Milk is best first aid is to dilute the poison as quickly as possible. For acid or alkaline (bases) give the victim water or preferable milk or ice cream one cup under 5 years or 1 to 2 glasses for patient over 5 years. Milk and ice cream is better than water because it dilute and help neutralize the poison. Its very important to the victim get to hospital without delay. Mechanism of action by drinking milk is not only dilute the poison engested with that person but also overwhelm the lactose enzymes,allowing the stomach's hydrochloric acid to curdle the milk which coats the stomach and intestine, slowing down the rate which the intestine or stomach to absorb the poison. Dilution of poison occur because milk is alkalinicity hence when person engest Acid corrosive subastance when the victim drink milk forms water and salt that is not harmful to our body. We not induce the vomiting in corrosive engestion because acid will erode the esophagus hence substance swallowed could be harmful to the lung and esophagus lead to severity, dehydration which actually be worse for the body than the poison you ingested. Generraly Milk just pauses the digestion until you can seek proper medical care conservatively.

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF VITAMIN B12 DEFIENCY .

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is important for normal formation of red blood cells and health of the nerves tissue. Defiency of B12 can lead anemia (pernicious anaemia). The sources of vitamin B12 is animal sources for example Eggs, Meat,Fish, poultry sources and plant sources. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS:- Nerves problem like numbness, tingling, Muscles weakness and walking problems. Conspitation, diarrhea loss of appetite. Weakness, tiredness. Heart palpitations and shortness of breath. Pale skin. Smooth tongue. Mental problems like depression and memory loss. Prevention of vitamin B12 defiency is to eat balanced food contained vitamin B12 contents these mentioned above or vitamin B12 supplements.

SHORT STATURE AND PRIDICTION OF MID PARENTAL HEIGHT.

Short stature is adult height that is more than two standard deviations below the mean of age and gender which corresponding to the shortest 2.3% of individuals. In developed countries men who shorter than 166cm tall and women shorter than 153cm. Causes :- Kyphosis of the spine bending forward. Collapsed vertebrae osteoporosis. Abnormal conditions such as hormones defiency, malnutrition, use of drugs such steroid drugs, chromosomal deletions. Human growth hormone,such as Turner syndrome, skeletal dyspepsia and idiopathic ( unknown causes) Chronic illness such as malnutrition, endocrine , metabolic disorder. Calculation of mid parental height:- Boy : inches =(Father's height+ Mother's height+ 5 inches)/2. In cm = (Father's height + Mother's height + 13cm)/2. Girl in inches =( Father's height -5 inches +Mother's height)/2. In cm= (Father's height -13 + Mother's height)/2. NB: The approximate variation is 8.5cm +/- in both Girl and Boy.

CAUSES OF OBESITY AND IT'S COMPLICTION TO OUR HEALTHY

           

Obesity is characterized by the accumulation of excess body fat.Body mass index is greater or equal to 30kg/m2 in adult.

 Causes of obesity :-

 Sendentary lifestyle (less an exercise).

 Lack of information on healthy eating habits.

 Ill health and disability, because of energy uses is reduced during physical incapability . 

Physical factor people tend to eat a lot when they are lonely, worried or depressed because stress tend to acceralate catablolism activity.

 Endocrine disorders hypothalamus exert some control over appetite. Genetic makeup. 

COMPLICATION OF OBESITY

 Pulmonary disease.
 Type 2 diabetes,enlarge fat cells which poorly bind insulin and also poorly respond to the message insulin send to the cell.
 Hypertension/stroke,this is because of increase miles of blood vessels found in the adipose tissue lead to increase blood volume, increase resistance to blood flow.
 Heart disease, increase in LDL and triglyceride value,low HDL, decrease physical activity. Gallstone increase cholesterol content of bile.
 Bone and joint disorders ,excessive pressure put on knee,ankle and hip joint.
 Pregnancy risks ,more difficult to delivery , increase number of birth defects.
 preventive and Control measures Healthy lifestyles , non use of tobacco,heathy eating, minimal consumption of alcohol these are key components of healthy lifestyle.
 Non consumption of alcohol maintain good absorption of food in the body.
 Regular exercise, keep physically active aim to do an exercise at least 30 minutes in aerobic place. Minimal use of sweetened drinks and junk foods.

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